Goose bumps which form on skin when the body is cold are created when muscles attached to hair follicles stand up, which causes hair in these follicles to also stand, creating a heat-trapping layer in the skin.
There are four extrinsic muscles which are attached to bone, they allow the tongue to change position, such as poke out, retract, side-to-side movement.
Stars form in nebulas, which are large gases areas. As gravity attracts more and more gas, young stars (called protostars) start to form in thick molecular gases cloud areas of the nebula.
The opposite of melanism is albinism which is an even rarer mutation that can occur in most animal species. The extremely rare "white panther" are albino leopards, jaguars or cougars.
